Bab Al-Raiyan
The name of one of the gates of Heavens (Jannah) through which the people who often
observe fasting will enter on the Day of Judgement.
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Eid Al-Fitr
Three day festival marking the end of Ramadan. It takes place on the 1st of Shawal,
the 10th month of the Islamic calendar.
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Fidya
Compensation for missing or wrongly practicing necessary acts of worship. Fidya
usually takes the form of donating money, foodstuffs, or sacrificing an animal. Contrast
with Kaffara (making amends).
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Iftar
Breaking of the fast immediately after sunset. Iftar takes place at Maghrib as soon
as the Call to Prayer (Adhan) is called.
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Imsak
Start of the fasting time. Imsak begins when the first light of dawn becomes
visible, and ends at Fajr when the Adhan is called.
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I'tikaf
I'tikaf refers to the religious practice of spending the last ten days of Ramadan
(either wholly or partly) in a mosque so as to devote oneself exclusively to worship. In
this state one may go out of the mosque only for the absolutely necessary requirements of
life, but one must stay away from gratifying one's sexual desire. The minimum period for
i'tikaf is twenty-four hours. I'tikaf is not valid if one is not keeping the fast or if it
is done outside the month of Ramadan.
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Kaffarah
Kaffarah means atonement, expiation.
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Lailatul-Qadr
'The Night of Power,' concealed in one of the odd nights in the last ten days of
Ramadan; the night on which the Qur'an was first revealed by Jibraeel to the Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH), and which the Qur'an itself describes as "better than a
thousand months."[Al-Qadr (97:3)]
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Ramadan
The ninth month of the Islamic (luner) calendar.
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Sawm
The Arabic word for fast. Plural: Siyam.
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REFERENCES:
"A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF ISLAMIC TERMS" by M.A. Qazi, Kazi Publications, 121
Zulqarnain Chambers, Ganpat Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
"A GLOSSARY OF ISLAMIC TERMINOLOGY" by Bassam Sulaiman Abughosh & Waffa
Zaki Shaqra, Ta-Ha Publshers Ltd. 1, Wynne Road, London SW9 0BB, England.
"THE QURAN-BASIC TEACHINGS" by Khurshid Ahmad.
"TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING THE QURAN", Vol. I-III, edited by Zafar Ishaq Ansari,
an English rendering of Tafhimul Quran (Urdu) by A.A. Maududi.
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